1
2
  -2024
  
 
(    )
 : 3   : 75
:               
-
1.    ?      ?
2.    ?        
-
3.    ?        ?     
4.     C     
-
5.               
6.              
2
2
-
7.           ?      
8.               
  -2024
  
 
(    )
 : 3   : 75
:               
-
1.    ?       ?
::     
   ?
  , ,               
     ( : 0  1)        
,        ,         
   , -   -         
  
3
2
  ,       "A"  ,   "A"     
   ,  "A"            
       
      ?
    :
1.             
2.    ( , , )        
3.               
   
               :
1. ASCII (     )
2.  ASCII
3.  (     )
4. 
5. ISCII ( -     )
        
1. ASCII (     )
ASCII                
1963             7      
 ( ) 0  1   ,  7-  2⁷ = 128 -    
ASCII  :
 0  9  ASCII  48  57     
  A  Z  ASCII  65  90     
  a  z  ASCII  97  122     
@, #, $, %, &        ASCII   
ASCII   :
1.   - ASCII  128      ,     
( , , , )     
4
2
2. -       -       ASCII 
      
2.  ASCII
 ASCII      ,   ASCII       7 
 8      ,  128   256  (2⁸ = 256)    
 ASCII  :
  ,      
 -     ,  é, ñ, ç.
:

 ASCII  ()

128
130

164
£
156
 :
         
   ASCII       ,   
    
3.  (     )
EBCDIC        IBM        
ASCII  ,        , EBCDIC    IBM   

 :
8     ,  256    
          
ASCII              (  , 
 'A'    'B'     )
5
2
:

EBCDIC  ()
193

194
129
 :
          
ASCII        - 
4. 
             ASCII  EBCDIC 
,     ,             
  ,  , , ,     
 :
       :
o UTF-8 (8- ,   )
o UTF-16 (16- ,      )
o UTF-32 (32- ,       )
 1        
:

 (UTF-8)  ()
0041
()
0939
()
42
󺅕󺅓󺅖󺅗󺅘󺅔 ()
160
  :
     .
6
2
,          
ASCII    (UTF-8  ASCII     )
 :
  ASCII       
5. ISCII ( -     )
ISCII  , , , ,           

 :
ASCII  8-    
             
      ,       
:

ISCII  ()
0
 7

                 
  ASCII,  ASCII, EBCDIC,   ISCII  ,   
         ,         
    :
 
 
    

128
   
 ASCII
256
   
EBCDIC
256
 
7
2
 
 
    

1   
  , ,  

 
 
               
             ,  
      
2.    ?        
:    
                 ,
    ,        ,     
               ,   
 ,    ,    
                 , 
  ,               ,
 ,                 
   
    ?
1.              ,    
      ,        
2.                 
         
3.    :             
   
4.    :        
      
5.    :             
 
8
2
   
1.    :           
2.            ()   
 ()
3.    :,        
4.    :  ,     
5.    :          
6.  :            
      
                
          
1. 
               
         ,         

  :
        
       
      
      
    :
1. :       
2. :      
3. :     ( /  / )
4.  :      .
5. :    .
  :
                    
 :
9
2
1. 
2.  
3.    2     
o  ,  ""  
o  ,  ""  
4. 
                 
2.  
        , -        
                 
    
  :
            
 -         
  -        
          
  :
,              
 
  MOD 2 == 0 
 ""

 ""
 

                 
 
10
2
     


 




   
   







                 
               ,
             ,  
     ,            
           -  
              ,   -
             
-
3.    ?        ?     
:        
                 
      ,      ""    
            ,     C 
                  

   ?
                    
                 
,            
     ?
11
2
     ,              
     :
     (;) 
,              
         .
           
C     
 (;)  
#  <stdio.h>
  () {
(", !") //   
0  ;
}
:     printf("Hello, World!")    
   
#  <stdio.h>
int mian() { // 'main'     'mian'
("");
0  ;
}
:  mian()             
   
#  <stdio.h>
  () {
(", !"; //     )
0  ;
}
:       )   
12
2
    ?
                  

,            
        
       .
   ?
                  
 ,         ,         
  
     ?
     :
         
    
    -   
       
     
  
#  <stdio.h>
  () {
int = 5,  = 2;
int sum = a - b; // a + b  
(": %d", );
0  ;
}
: a  b      ,      
if    
#  <stdio.h>
  () {
13
2
int  = 20;
 ( > 18 ) {
("      "); // 
}
0  ;
}
:   ,      "     "   
     
#  <stdio.h>
  () {
int i = 1;
 (i != 10) {
("%d ", i);
i += 2; // i    10  
}
0  ;
}
 i 2    ,     10  ,       
   ?
            printf()    
         
            
                 

14
2
        

  
 

     
 
       
    .

       
 .
       
  
 
     .
       
.

  ,   
.
 ,  
   if  
    
          :
  :     "2 ",   ""      
"egss"     ,        ,      

 :   "2  "   "2    "  ,  
            ,    
      

        ,      
               
  ,              
-             
15
2
4.     C     
: C    
C                , , 
        C        
         
1.  
            





+
5 + 3
8

-
10 - 4
6

*
6*2
12

/
8 / 2
4

%
10 % 3
1
:
2.  () 
          (1)   (0) 




==
 
5 == 5
1 ()
!=

5 != 3
1 ()
>
 
8 > 4
1
16
2
<
 
3 < 7
1
>=
   
6 >= 6
1
<=
   
4 <= 5
1
:
3.  
            



&&
 
(x > 5)  (y < 10)
`
`
 OR
`(x > 5)
( > 10)`
!
 
!(x == y)
:
4.  
       



 AND
17
2
`
`
 OR
^
 XOR
<<
 
>>
 
:
5.  
          



=
 = 5
x  5  
+=
 += 2
 =  + 2
-=
 -= 3
 =  - 3
*=
 *= 4
 =  * 4
/=
 /= 2
 =  / 2
%=
 %= 3
 =  % 3
6.    
     1         



++
++
 =  + 1
--
--
 =  - 1
18
2
:
7.  () 
if-else      
:
 ? value_if_true : value_if_false;
:
8.  
  
            
  (,)
          
int a = (1, 2, 3); // a  3   
  (*  &)
          
19
2
int = 10;
int *ptr = &a; // a   

C               
      
-
5.               
:      
              ,    ( 
  )   (    )   ,     , 
                 
,   ,             
       
            ,     
         ,       ,  
     
      (      )
         ,        ,   
                    
                     
              
       (     )
1.       (  , [5, 3, 8, 2, 1]).
2.             ,    
3.            -  
4.                 
5.              
20
2
6.             ,     
  
             
   -- 
 1:      
21
2
 ,              
   -     
 2:     (     )
      :
o        
o               
   -           
 3:   
  ,        
 
       : [5, 3, 8, 2, 1]
 1:
5  3      → [3, 5, 8, 2, 1]
5  8      
8  2      → [3, 5, 2, 8, 1]
8  1      → [3, 5, 2, 1, 8]
 2:
3  5      
5  2      → [3, 2, 5, 1, 8]
5  1      → [3, 2, 1, 5, 8]
 3:
3  2      → [2, 3, 1, 5, 8]
3  1      → [2, 1, 3, 5, 8]
 4:
2  1      → [1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
22
2
,    
   
     .
      (       )
    
   
       (           
   )
          
  
1.           ,      
2.               
3.         ,  ,    
4.  -  ""           
   ,      

          ,   ,  
   ,              ,  
              --  
            
6.              
:   C
    
C           ,            
(\0)    C       -     , 
           C      
     
23
2
,     C    -    
1. strlen()     
:
      (\0)  ,           
:
_t strlen(const char *str);
:
:
strlen()"Hello, World!"      ,  13 
         
2. strcpy()   
   
:
           
:
char *strcpy(char *, const char *);
:
24
2
:
strcpy(copy, original);        
               
3. strcat()     
:
          ( )     
:
char *strcat(char *, const char *);
:
:
strcat(first, second);     
             
4. strcmp()     
25
2
:
              :
0     
       
       
:
int strcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2);
:
:
    "" " "    ,     
5. ()    (  )
:
           strrev()    ,  
  C        ,         
:
26
2
:
        ,    -    , 
     
              

C               ,  , ,
             C    
             strcpy()  strcat()  
             
-
7.           ?      
: C         

C   ,     ,         
   ,             (  
  )       C           :
1.     
27
2
2.    
                    
          
1.      

    ,               
                
               
     ,       ,    , 
      
:
:
   : 10
   : 10
:
 10    changeValue     
changeValue  , num  20     ,   main  x   

       x 10  
      :
          
,          
28
2
2.    

    ,             
        
                      
       ,           , 
       
:
:
   : 10
   : 20
:
   ,  x    
changeValue  , *num          , 
*num     x    
   , x  20   
      :
          
   (  )             

29
2
         

    
   

   
   
    ?


    
 
  

       

     
      
     ,           C   
       
:
:
   : 1
   : 100
:
          ,        

30
2
 modifyArray     ,    main    

                   
              ,    
                
,       
      C           
           !
8.               
: C         
   ,           ,    
                  
     ,   (      )   (  
     )      ,     
      
1.   ?
                  
 C ,      :
 
 
 
 
                  ({}  
)                   
:
31
2
:
 x myFunction()    ,           

myFunction()   x         
 
          ,         
       
:
:
globalVar         ,   main()  myFunction()
    
 
-      {}            
   
32
2
:
:
 y  {}    
          
2.   ?
                   
            
C       :
1.  ()
2.  ()
3.  ()
4.  ()
   ( )
          
                    
 
:
33
2
:
 a       demo()        
   ()
 ,            
                 
:
:
 count          counter()      
  
   (extern)
                 
            
: 1.:
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2
2.:
:
extern, globalVar  File1.c  File2.c       
   ()
        RAM   CPU     
  
        -         
:
:
i    ,     
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2

 





 
  

  
 

       


 

       
 
 

 
CPU     
    ,             C
       !
:             ( )      
       ,              